Hydraulic vs. Traction Elevators: Which Is Right for Your Building?

Elevators aren’t just a convenience, they’re an investment that directly impacts building performance, energy use, safety, and tenant satisfaction. The type of elevator you choose can affect everything from installation costs to daily operations.

For building owners, facility managers, and developers, the decision usually comes down to hydraulic vs. traction elevators. The right choice depends on your building’s height, traffic volume, and long-term goals. Below, we break down the differences, advantages, and considerations of each system so you can make the best decision for your property.

Understanding Hydraulic Elevators

Hydraulic elevators rely on a piston and hydraulic fluid to lift and lower the cab. They are most commonly used in buildings up to five stories tall and work best in smaller commercial or residential buildings with low to moderate traffic.

Why hydraulic elevators are a practical choice:

• Lower installation costs: They’re often the most budget-friendly option for low-rise buildings.

• Simpler maintenance: Fewer moving parts mean reduced downtime and service costs.

• Reliable for short distances: Ideal for buildings where slower, steady operation meets daily needs.

Considerations:

• Slower operation, which may not suit busy buildings.

• Requires a machine room, usually next to the elevator on the ground floor, which takes up valuable space.

• Uses more energy and generates more heat during operation.

• Noticeable noise from the pump and motor.

• Hydraulic valve operation can be affected by major temperature swings (e.g., parking garages in summer vs. winter).

• Hydraulic fluid can overheat, sometimes producing a noticeable smell in the elevator cab.

This type of elevator might be a better fit if you have a boutique office, low-rise apartment, retail space, or any property where cost and simple operation outweigh the need for speed.

Understanding Traction Elevators

Traction elevators move the cab using CSB (coated steel belts) or cables and counterweights. They are designed for taller buildings and high-traffic environments, making them the go-to choice for offices, hotels, and high-rise residential towers. Modern Machine-Room-Less (MRL) traction elevators reduce space requirements while offering the same speed and efficiency as traditional traction systems, and are most commonly used in mid-rise buildings of 5 to 12 floors.

Advantages of traction elevators:

• Fast, smooth, and quiet rides: Keeps tenants and visitors satisfied even during peak hours.

• Energy efficiency: Regenerative drives can reduce electricity costs over time.

• Long-term durability: Ideal for high-traffic and taller buildings where reliability matters most.

Considerations:

• Higher upfront costs compared to hydraulic systems.

• More complex design, requiring specialized maintenance and repair teams.

• Some jurisdictions mandate full-sized machine rooms (e.g., California).

• Local authorities may require emergency power systems. 

Traction elevators are a better fit for buildings with six or more stories, high daily traffic, or properties that prioritize speed, comfort, and energy efficiency.

Key Differences Between Hydraulic vs. Traction Elevators

When comparing hydraulic vs traction elevators, the most important factor is building height and traffic volume. Hydraulic elevators are best suited for low-rise properties with lighter use, while traction elevators excel in mid- to high-rise buildings with frequent riders.

Cost and efficiency also set them apart. Hydraulic elevators generally cost less to install but use more energy, while traction elevators have higher initial costs but are more efficient and cost-saving over time.

Maintenance and lifespan are additional considerations. Hydraulic systems are simpler and less expensive to maintain, though they typically last about 20–25 years under ideal conditions. High-usage hydraulic elevators may occasionally produce an oil smell if the fluid overheats, so ventilation and monitoring are important. Traction elevators, on the other hand, are designed to handle heavier workloads and usually last 25–30 years.

Finally, space and ride quality may sway your decision. Hydraulic elevators require a machine room and deliver a practical, steady ride, while traction systems can be installed without a machine room (MRL) and offer a smoother, faster, and quieter passenger experience.

How to Choose the Right Elevator System

When evaluating options, consider these questions:

1. How tall is your building? Height is a key factor in system selection.

2. How many people will use the elevator daily? Traffic volume determines speed and ride comfort needs.

3. Is a machine room available? Space constraints can impact your choice.

4. What is your budget for installation versus operating costs? Lower upfront costs may mean higher long-term energy use.

5. Do you prioritize sustainability or energy efficiency? Traction elevators can offer significant energy savings over time.

Metro Elevator’s team can provide a professional assessment to determine the ideal system for your property, including guidance on elevator installation, ongoing maintenance costs, and operational efficiency.

Modernization Options for Existing Elevators

Even if your building already has an elevator, upgrades can improve performance, safety, and tenant experience without the expense of full replacement. Metro Elevator offers comprehensive elevator modernization services, including:

• Upgraded control systems and motors

• Cab renovations (walls, lighting, buttons)

• Door operator improvements

• Code-compliant safety technology (sensors, speed governors)

Modernization is a smart investment to reduce energy costs, enhance ride quality, ensure code compliance and extend the lifespan of your elevator system.

Partner with Metro Elevator for Expert Guidance

Hydraulic and traction elevators each serve distinct purposes depending on building height, traffic, and operational goals. Keeping elevators compliant, safe, and reliable protects your investment and enhances tenant satisfaction.

At Metro Elevator, we have extensive experience in both new installations and modernization projects, helping building owners make informed decisions that save money and improve performance. Choosing the right system can reduce energy and maintenance costs while providing a smoother, more enjoyable ride for everyone who uses your building.

Contact your local Division today for a tailored assessment and find the perfect elevator solution for your property.

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Josh Sutton, Director of Repair for Metro Elevator NorCal, brings over 30 years of industry experience and a dedication to completing every project with precision and integrity. Discover more about Josh and his team here.